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- At-Risk-of-Poverty Rate or Social Exclusion in Visegrad Countries 2005–2017: Impact of Changes in Households’ StructureJakub Fischer, Hana Flusková, Kristýna VltavskáThe paper focuses on the poverty and social exclusion measurement. The aim of the paper is to analyse the factors influencing the differences in at-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) rates and their development across the Visegrad countries. As these factors, we consider the different structure of households by their social status (employed, unemployed, retired, other inactive) and the different highest attained level of education (primary, secondary, tertiary). We use data from the EU-SILC and decompose the AROPE rates as the price indices of unit value. We prove the significant impact of the structure of households by their social status in years 2005–2017 on the AROPE rate comparison for all Visegrad countries and the effect of educational composition on the AROPE rate development for all Visegrad countries except Hungary.
KeywordsAt-risk-of-poverty, social exclusion, price index of unit value, AROPE, international comparison
- Working Heavier or Being Happier? Case of SlovakiaMiroslava Knapková, Miriam Martinkovičová, Alena KaščákováThe paper deals with well-being of employees who invest heavier in work. The main aim of the present study was to examine relationship between workaholism and work enjoyment as part of the work engagement. Paper focuses on workaholics and their emotional experience in performing work (affective component of well-being). The unique method based on time diary, including data on happiness, was used.Results suggest that non-workaholics feel happier when performing paid work than workaholics. Gender and education are significant background predictors influencing heavy time investment, while parenthood and place of living do not correlate with time workaholism. Men-workaholics work longer than women-workaholics, with no significant difference in happiness. Women-workaholics feel happier when performing unpaid household work, but men-workaholics enjoy more time with children. Education in relation to income, time investment and happiness indicate that workaholism in Slovakia exists in a forced form in order to achieve the required income and forced heavy time investment must undertake deeper analysis.KeywordsHeavy Work Investment, Heavy Time Investment, employees, happiness, well-being,allocation of time
- Time-Varying Elesticities of Import Demand: the Cases of the Czech Republic and HungaryMile Bošnjak, Vlatka Bilas, Ivan NovakThis paper aims to examine price and income elasticity of import demand in Czech Republic and Hungary while allowing parameters of import demand to vary over time. Research sample consists of quarterly time series data the first quarter of 1996 to the third quarter of 2018. The results were obtained following state space model with time-varying parameters approach. The results revealed import demand elastic to changes in income in both countries while the elasticity was found to be higher in Hungary comparing to Czech Republic. Elasticity of import demand to changes relative prices were found in Hungary while in case of Czech Republic the price elasticity estimates indicated convergence of prices. Based on the empirical results from this research, the paper brings country-specific policy implications.KeywordsImport demand, income, relative prices, Kalman filter
- Skill and Wage-Earning Potential: Evidences from Indian Labour MarketSonu Madan, Surender MorThe focus of paper is on explaining variations in wage earning potential of regular wage earners causedby varying skill levels. Further, the paper attempts to analyse the conditional causal effect for a broad rangeof occupational groups to infuse external validity during estimation process which helps to explore how universal is the causal effect. The study brought out the fact that skill level of workers affects the wage-earning potential of workers significantly. However, different skill requirements to perform a range of tasks & operations, along with associated complexity, moderates the strength of causal linear relationship and the resultant slope indicating relationship between skill level of workers and their wage-earning potential varies significantly across occupational groups. Thus, conceptualization of task-content based approach of occupations determines wage-earning potential of workers and hereby is a promising boulevard for future research. The study recommends in job training courses along with introduction of intra-occupational diversified range of tasks & operations to secure incremental wage.KeywordsSkill, regular wage earners, wage-earning potential, occupational groups, conditional effect
- Application of Quantile Regression of Used Vehicle Purchasers in TurkeyFunda Bayrakdaroglu, Hatice Hicret OzkocThe automotive sector is one of the leading industries in Turkey, and therefore worthy of examination, bothin terms of its size and its economic impact. The Turkish automotive sector can be divided into the sale of new vehicles and their resale as used vehicles. It is notable that the used vehicle market in Turkey is economically more significant, hence the current study’s focus is on Turkey’s used vehicle market. According to the study’s findings, which aims to analyze the used vehicle market in the context of consumer demographics through ordinary least squares and quantile regression method and data obtained from the Turkish Statistics Institution (TURKSTAT), meaningful segments related to demographic characteristics such as income and education level were reached.KeywordsUsed vehicle market, consumer demographics, linear regression, quantile regression, Turkey
- Single sampling inspection plans when the remainder of rejected lots is inspected with given Average Outgoing Quality Limit (denoted AOQL) minimizing mean inspection cost per lot of process average quality are presented in this paper. These plans were introduced by Dodge and Romig for inspection by attributes (each inspected item is classified as either good or defective). The corresponding plans for inspection by variables were created by the author of this paper. The comparison of these two types single sampling inspection plans from the economic point of view and the comparison of their operating characteristics (producer’s risk, consumer’s risk) is performed in present paper. We shall also show how the decision problem (inspection by variables or inspection by attributes) can be solved in practice using software Mathematica.KeywordsAcceptance sampling, cost of inspection, inspection by attributes, inspectionby variables, operating characteristics
- The OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) has compiled foreign aid statistics since the 1960s, and it invented the concept of Official Development Assistance (ODA) in 1969. For decades, ODA data were on actual flows, the DAC having rejected suggestions commencing in 1963 to instead focus on flows’ “grant equivalents”. But in 2014 the DAC decided, from 2018, to switch ODA loan reporting to “grant equivalents” using unrealistic parameters that exaggerated donors’ fiscal effort. In 2016 it decided to abandon the requirement that all ODA transactions be concessional. By 2018, having failed to agree grant equivalent methodology for equity investments, loans to the private sector, and debt relief, it decided to maintain reporting of these on a flow basis. ODA therefore now mixes flows and grant equivalents, which are incommensurable statistical quantities, and embodies other contradictions and anomalies. This paper examines the degradation of the ODA measure and identifies general lessons for statistical development exercises and quality control efforts.
Keywords
Foreign aid, official development assistance, statistical quality, grant elements, grant equivalents, discount rates - 14th Year of the International Days of Statistics and Economics (MSED 2020)Tomáš Löster, Jakub Danko