Statistika: Statistics and Economy Journal - No. 2/2017

Regional Input-Output Tables represent a powerful statistical tool for deep economic analysis. They belou to a group of detailed statistical indicators linked to the information contained in national accounts and Theky are widely demanded by skilled users. Unfortunately, Regional Input-Output Tables are rarely officially compiled since they are strongly dependent on demand extensive statistical surveys. With respect to users’ needs, we constructed symmetric regional tables for 14 regions (NUTS 3 level) of the Czech Republic for 2011. These tables are compiled at basic prices and broken down by 82 products. They arise from officially published data covering mainly Supply and Use Tables, Symmetric Input-Output Tables and regional accounts. The key approach lies in the decomposition of the output vector into the regions and applying national technological relations. The paper brings both a brief description of the methodology of our freely available tables and a basic description of possibilities of Regional Input-Output Tables for economic analysis.

Keywords
Input-output analysis, national accounts, regional accounts

The comparison of income of a person has to consider the household composition. Additional persons realize economies of scale especially for expenditures related to housing. Therefore, so-called consumption units have been introduced. International scales have been produced by the OECD and Eurostat. The definition of consumption units has an impact on indicators of poverty as consumption units are used when equalized income is estimated. International scales should ensure comparability of results among countries, but they may not be appropriate for conditions in different countries.
The aim of the paper is to prepare methodological background for computation and then to estimate consumption units for the Czech Republic. Results are compared with international scales. In addition, the impact on indicators of poverty is assessed. Income and poverty indicators based on estimated consumption units should assure more accurate results for household's living in the Czech Republic.

Keywords
Consumption units, equivalence scale, economies of scale, household disposable income, poverty threshold

The public sector in its role as a producer has been expanding beyond the provision of public goods only. Currently, public producers are engaged in almost all activities as they are classified in the NACE classification. However, due to political or economic reasons, the structure of production has been changing over time. The aim of this paper is to investigate trends in the evolution of the public sector in the Czech Republic in individual areas. In addition, the paper examines the share of public units in the value added production of individual industries of the Czech economy. Moreover, the analysis reveals the current distribution of production between the public and the private sphere of the economy and its changes during last 15 years.

Keywords
Public sector, industries, structure of production

We use the Labor Office data for the regions of the Czech Republic to investigate some of the structural features of the respective labor markets. We build our approach on the matching function of the search model of the labor market. In the paper we show how the regional labor markets differ with respect to vacancies, unemployment, matches between unemployed and vacancies, probability of finding a job and labor market tightness. We also demonstrate how these characteristics evolved over time. We show that the labor markets were really hit the hardest several years after the great recession began to affect the Czech Republic. We go on to estimate the matching function for the respective regional labor markets and show that the sensitivity of the probability of finding a job to the labor market tightness generally increased over time, which we interpret as a positive sign. We set our results in the framework of some of the earlier work which has been done. With all the data and estimates used we are able to pinpoint the most troubled regions as far as the structural features of the labor market are concerned.

Keywords
Generalized methods of moments, matching in the labor market, regional labor markets, structural features

An allocation of emissions from industries to product groups is an inevitable step, wherever the embodied emissions (or energy) of products are calculated with the environmentally extended input-output analysis. Within this paper, we suggest and explain steps for the improvement of commonly used techniques.

First, we explain why the widely applied industry technology assumption to construct product-by-product input-output model is an unsuitable method for the transformation of emissions and why product technology assumption should be used instead. Second, we cope with the resulting negative values, which is the well known limitation of the product technology assumption, by utilizing Almon’s procedure. Third, we demonstrate how disaggregation of the industry with dominant emissions and diverse technologies for this kind of emission transformation may improve the results. We apply these steps to emissions from NAMEA for the Czech Republic and discuss the results. Additionally, we provide an easy-to-use VBA tool with Excel interface to calculate Almon’s transformation automatically.

Keywords
Input-output tables, product-by-product, product technology assumption, Almon’s procedure, transformation of industries to products, industry disaggregation, NAMEA

By using the Pedroni and Kao panel co-integration techniques, and FMOLS, DOLS and OLS methods, this study explores the long-run relationship among tourism receipts, renewable energy consumption and economic growth for the European Union countries. The long-run estimators report that “renewable energy increases economic growth”, “tourism receipts increase economic growth”, “capital increases economic growth” and “labor force increases economic growth”. Further results and some policy implications are discussed in this empirical study.

Keywords
Tourism receipts, renewable energy, economic growth, European Union, Pedroni panel Co-integration tests

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between economic growth, poverty and income distribution in Cameroon, using both the data derived from three Cameroonian household surveys and the Poverty Equivalent Growth Rate (PEGR) methodology developed by Kakwani et al. (2004), The study found that economic growth in Cameroon was pro poor over the period 1996–2007, which suggests that instead of increasing the economic growth rate alone, the poverty equivalent growth rate should also be maximized to achieve the poverty reduction objective, meaning that on the one hand, the growth rate should be boosted, and on the other, the distribution of income should also be concurrently improved.
A decomposition of changes in poverty using the Kakwani (1997) approach reveal that the growth component dominates the redistribution component in the reduction of poverty. This suggests that the fall in absolute poverty over the survey period may be attributed to an increase in average household income, and not to the redistributive policies of the government.

Keywords
Economic growth, pro poor growth, poverty, inequality, decomposition, Cameroon

International comparison belongs to statistical topics which attracts either experts or general public. Official statistics provides estimates of national price levels only. Therefore, official regional analysis is based on national price levels and does not take into account potential differences in prices among regions within a country. Fortunately, researchers have been dealing with them and estimates for several countries are available.
The topic is also important in the Czech Republic even two papers focused on regional price levels were published in Statistika journal in 2016. The aim of the paper is to compare both approaches from various perspectives.

Keywords
Regional price levels, comparison, Czech Republic