Population change - year 2025

As of 31 December 2025, Czechia had a population of 10,915,839 inhabitants, 6.3 thousand more than on 1 January 2025. The population of Czechia has been recording positive total increases continuously since 2014. However, over the past seven years, this growth has been driven solely by foreign migration, as natural change has remained negative. The excess of deaths over live births by 35.7 thousand people in 2025 was the largest ever since 1919.

In 2025, the natality continued to decline for the fourth year. A total of 77.6 thousand children were born alive, 6.7 thousand (8%) fewer year-on-year. This was the lowest number in the history of statistical surveys. The number of births decreased across all birth orders. A total of 46.8% of children were born outside marriage, slightly lower than a year earlier, due to a decline in the share among first-born children. In absolute numbers, the most children were born to women aged 31, or 30–32.

Figure Population change in 2024 and 2025

In 2025, a total of 113.3 thousand inhabitants of Czechia died, which was 1.1 thousand (1%) more year-on-year. Almost all the increase in deaths was attributable to women (an increase by 1.0 thousand to 55.6 thousand), while the number of male deaths increased only slightly (by 0.1 thousand to 57.8 thousand). Among the deceased men, the majority were aged 75–79, and among the deceased women, the majority were aged 80–84. A total of 39.3 thousand people died in the age group 75–84, accounting for nearly 35% of all deaths.

"In 2025, the number of marriages decreased for the third year in a row. A total of 42.5 thousand couples entered into marriage, which was 1.9 thousand less than a year earlier and the lowest since the end of World War I. The previous minimum of 43.5 thousand recorded in 2013 was thus surpassed," says Michaela Němečková from the Demographic Statistics Unit of the CZSO. Three out of four engaged couples entered marriage for the first time.

A total of 21.2 thousand marriages ended in divorce, which was 0.4 thousand (2%) more than in the previous year. One quarter of all divorces occurred after 5–9 years of marriage, most of them after six years of marriage. Among the divorced, people aged 45–49 predominated. Divorces affected at least 20.3 thousand children, as 59.0% of divorced couples had at least one common minor child.

In 2025, 110.6 thousand people immigrated to Czechia from abroad. This was 11.2 thousand fewer than in 2024, but still significantly higher compared to the years before the outbreak of the war in Ukraine. In the opposite direction, 68.6 thousand inhabitants emigrated from Czechia, which was 16.4 thousand fewer than in the previous year. The net migration reached 42.0 thousand and increased by 5.2 thousand compared to 2024. The net migration was significantly higher for men (33.7 thousand) than for women (8.3 thousand). From the perspective of five-year age groups, the highest net migration was recorded among those aged 20–24, reflecting a significant increase in immigrants aged 21 and 22. As in 2024, the largest share of net migration was attributable to citizens of Ukraine (23.1 thousand), Slovakia (5.9 thousand) and the Philippines (3.9 thousand).