Demografie, Review for Population Research - No. 2/2023

Demografie, 65(2): 65–83
https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0317

Abstract
Since the beginning of the 1990s, there have been significant changes in fertility quantum and tempo in Czechia and Slovakia. We are also witnessing significant age pluralization of reproduction. These and other transformational changes can be observed not only in a cross-sectional view but also in a cohort perspective. The main goal of the article is to analyse the main changes in the fertility process in Czechia and Slovakia after 1989. We focus on changes in the intensity and timing of childbirth and the age distribution of fertility. We identify the development trajectories of the two countries and the similarities and differences between them brought about by the transformation period. By analysing the process of the postponement and recuperation of cohort fertility, we also try to point out the future development of completed cohort fertility and the parity structure of women born in the second half of the 1970s and 1980s.

Keywords
fertility, transformation, fertility quantum and tempo, postponement, recuperation, parity structure, Czechia, Slovakia

Demografie, 65(2): 84–93
https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0318

Abstract
This paper examines the effect of socioeconomic factors (including achieved level of educational attainment, economic activity, and income) on the occurrence of depressive symptoms in the Czech population. The analyses are based on the cross-sectional European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) from 2019. The results of these analyses show the individual and also combined effect of education, economic activity, and income. The odds ratio of depressive symptoms is the highest among respondents with primary education, those who are unemployed, and those with lower income. Socioeconomic status is significantly associated with depressive symptoms.

Keywords
depressive symptoms; prevalence of depressive symptoms; socioeconomic status; PHQ-8; Czechia; EHIS