Education of women and men, science and digitalisation

While female teachers have a long-term representation of more than 99% of the pedagogues in nursery schools and roughly 84% in basic schools, they make up around 60% in secondary schools. On the contrary, men have a long-term predominance among university academic staff (62.3% on average in 2025). Men also clearly predominate among workers in research and development - in 2024 from 71.3% (converted to fully employed). The use of information technology is increasing for both genders. In recent years, we have seen a slightly higher proportion of men using mobile internet or internet banking, while social networking sites are more commonly used by women.