Balance of Eneegy Processes in Energy Sector (for Fuels Upgrading ) in
Commentary | Contents |
Comments and methodical explanatory notes (indicators contents)
Primary energy sources, in 2003, followed the national economy growth and reached 1 803 PJ, which represents increase, in comparison with 2002, by 5.8 %. Primary sources growth was secured by increased fuels extraction, higher import and lower export of fuels, increased draw from supplier's stocks as well as increased production of primary heat (extended performance of nuclear power plant Temelín). Primary heat increased, in comparison with 2002, by 37.4% (76.4 PJ). Total primary sources amount is only lowered by electricity export, which yearly increased by 25.9 %, while import increased only by 6.2 %.
Energy sources, extracted in the Czech Republic and imported into the Czech Republic are, for the most part, upgraded (c. 86.2 % in 2003) in order to improve or change their utility value for their utilization in the final consumption. In addition to electric and heat energy production there are concerned further methods for fuels upgrading, especially crude oil processing and hard coal coking. In 2003, crude oil products participated in total upgraded/improved fuels production (without electricity and heat production) with 60.7% and coking products with 27.7 %.
Production in transformation energy processes in 2003 in comparison with 2002 increased by c.3.6 % (by 33 698 TJ). In 2003 production was dropping only in heat production (by 3.9 %). In other processes there we register growth: in electricity generation (by 9.8 %), BKB production (by 5.7 %), coke production (by 0.3 %), liquid fuels production from crude oil (by 4,3 %).
Fuels and energy input in 2003 was higher than in 2002 by 6.7%. Input for heat generation was, in 2003, lower by 1.2%; as for electricity it was higher by 11.4%. Input for fuels upgrading increased by 3.7%. Average efficiency of transformation processes in 2003 increased in comparison with 2002 roughly by 1.7 %). Efficiency decrease was affected, above all, by lower effectiveness of production in gasification under pressure of coal during transformation process.
Energy processes for fuels upgrading - these are productive activities, whose results is enhancement, let us say change of utility value of energy matters (fuels), that pass through them. Under energy processes in an energy balance there are considered only those processes in which on the one hand a fuel charge/input and on the other hand production/output from processes ( utilizable products ) and losses on the charge/input are qualified by means of a balance form.
In these processes there occur, as a rule, substantial chemical and physical changes in charged fuels and energy. The report/questionnaire EP 8-01 ascertains data concerning energy balance indicators of the following energy processes:
- brown coal briquetting
- high-temperature carbonization in coking plants
- gasification under pressure of coal
- liquid fuels production from crude oil
- gas works gas/generator gas production in industrial coal gasification plants
(gasification in industrial generating stations)
The energy balance of the blast-furnace gas production (blast-furnace process) is composed from the report/questionnaire EP 7-01 data, data for electric and heat energy balance compilation are surveyed by the report/questionnaire EP 10-01 and will be presented in the CSO publication "Energetics in 2002".
Primary energy sources - fuels energy sources gained directly, which did not pass through upgrading processes, i.e. natural resources (indigenous production of fuel, electricity from hydroelectric power plants, primary heat - heat from nuclear fuel), fuels and energy imports decreased by their exports, stock level change and other sources.
Charge/Input - represents fuels (energy) that directly enter into energy process where they are processed in order to improve their utility value (e.g. lignite for patent fuels production, crude oil for liquid fuels production, and so on.).
Production (utilizable products) - all energy and non-energy products, which originate in an energy process.
Working consumption - it is a total fuel and energy consumption expended on an energy process operation, i.e. on obtaining utilizable products of the energy process.
Total losses
in the energy process are defined as a difference between charge including working consumption and production.
Suppliers stock/supplies - fuels stock level designed for sale (at mining, production and business enterprises).
Consumers stock/supplies - fuels stock level designed for enterprises ( companies) production and operation. Stock draw is the difference between opening (on the 1st of January of the observed year) and closing stock level (on the 31st of December of the observed year).
Energy process efficiency - quotient of production and sum of the charge/input and working consumption of the relevant energy process.