INFORMATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
C - Waste generation and treatment | Contents |
C. WASTE
Tables C-1.1, C-1.2, C-1.3, C-1.5, C-1.6 a C-1.7 Generation of wastes and way of their treatment method, use and disposal
Waste is a movable that became useless for its owner and the owner disposes of it, or it is a movable that was discarded on the basis of a special regulation (e.g., Act No. 20/1966 Coll. on the care of the health
of people, as last amended).
Categories of wastes:
- hazardous waste is waste that possesses one or more of the following hazardous characteristics: explosiveness, flammability, oxidation ability, thermal instability of organic peroxides, ability to liberate toxic gases when in contact with air or water, environmental toxicity, subsequent hazardous nature, acute toxicity, delayed action, corrosiveness, infectiousness, radioactivity. The Waste List (Decree No. 337/1997 Coll. of the Ministry for the Environment) classifies such waste to the N category
- non – hazardous waste includes waste classified to the O category of the Waste List.
Volume of waste produced includes waste generated by reporting units in a given period.
Volume of waste transferred includes waste taken over by reporting units in a given period from other authorised persons for treatment, use or disposal.
Given the principal changes that have occurred since 1998 in the connection with the adoption of the new Waste Act (No 125/1997 Coll.), especially with the shift to the new Waste List, the results from the 1998 waste generation survey cannot be compared to data relating to previous years.
Volume of waste taken from storage includes waste taken over by reporting units in a given period to be further treated, used or disposed of.
Waste management is the accumulation, collection, purchase, sorting, shipment and transportation, storage, treatment, utilization and disposal of waste.
Use of waste is an activity leading to the recovery of secondary materials, waste recycling or another use
of physical, chemical or biological properties of waste.
Disposal of waste is the management of waste that leads to permanently preventing harmful influences from acting on environmental components.
Means of waste management:
1. treatment and/or use by physical and chemical procedures
treatment methods such as separation, recycling, obtaining of components, regeneration, solidification, vitrification, bitumenisation, chemical treatment
2. treatment and/use by biological methods
methods of use or disposal that utilize biological processes to decrease the concentration of pollutants
in waste or the level of dangerous properties. These consist particularly of biological decontamination, anaerobic decomposition and composting
3. disposal
this consists of incineration and thermal waste disposal either utilizing or not utilizing heat, landfilling,
i.e. permanent deposition in landfills, sludge beds, tips and dumps and deposition in underground spaces
4. waste storage
temporary placing of waste between individual activities in waste management for the period of time necessary for operational, organizational, technical or transportation reasons.
Export of waste means any case when waste crosses the state border, except for transit transport.
Municipal waste includes all waste originating on the territory of a municipality as a result of the activity
of actual persons, for which no special rules or limitations are laid down, except for waste produced by legal entities or natural persons authorised to do business. The municipal waste also includes waste that results from cleaning public roads and areas or maintaining public greenery (including graveyards).
Figures listed in the Table are derived from CSO reporting form (Odp 5-01) filled in by reporting units - enterprises with 20 or more employees, which are classified to the national version of NACE (OKEČ) 01, 02, 10 - 36, 38 - 41, 45, 502, 55, 601, 602, 62, 642, 747, 7481, 851, 852, 9211 and 93). Enterprises under
CZ-NACE 37, 5157 with 5 employees or more, and the enterprises under CZ-NACE 90 irrespective of the number of employees were asked to provide information.
The data (estimates) shown on municipal waste shown in the table and graph were reported by chosen municipalities (via their local governments) with 200 or more inhabitants classified to CZ-NACE 7511.