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CS

Focus on Women and Men

1. Population and families and households

Contents

The figures showing the size and structure of population are derived from decennial population censuses and from additional information on population balances and changes. The latter is obtained from processing statistical reports on marriages, divorces, births, deaths and migration, which are provided by the Population Register. All of the state indicators reflect final results of the Population and Housing Census 2001. The figures on abortions are supplied to the Czech Statistical Office by the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the CR. Data on numbers of foreigners with residence permit are taken over from the Directorate of Alien and Border Police and from the Asylum and Migration Policies Department of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic.



Births

The definition of a live birth is stipulated in Decree 11/1988 of the Ministry of Health of the CR: a live-born child is a child who gives a sign of life (respiration, heartbeat, umbilicus pulsation, active movement of muscles) and whose birth weight is 500 g or more, or whose birth is below 500 g if it survives 24 hours after delivery. A stillborn child is a child not showing any signs of life, whose birth weight is 1 000 g or more.


Abortions

The abortion is termination of pregnancy, in which
  1. the foetus does not show any sign of life and its birth weight is below 1,000 g or cannot be measured, if the pregnancy takes less than 28 weeks,
  2. the foetus shows at least one of the signs of life and its birth weight is below 500 g, but it does not live longer than 24 hours after delivery,
  3. the foetal egg without a foetus or gestational decidua is removed out of the female's uterus.

Abortions are described in two chapters of this analysis – in the Population and in the Health. In section of the Population is total abortion number and total abortion rate, Health is about types of abortions (Spontaneous, Induced, Ectopic pregnancies).



Reproduction rates: by age of female


Fertility rate by age: the number of children born live to females of a given age per 1 000 females of the same age.

Total fertility rate: the average number of live-born children per 1 woman aged 15-49 years, provided that fertility rates by age in the given calendar year remain unchanged.

Gross reproduction rate: the average number of live-born girls per woman aged 15-49 years, provided that fertility rates by age in the given calendar year remain unchanged.

Net reproduction rate: the average number of live-born girls per woman aged 15-49 years, who would reach the age of their mothers at time of delivery at unchanging fertility and mortality rates. In order to maintain a stationary population into the future, the net reproduction rate must be kept at one (1).

Abortion rate by age: the number of abortions (all types) in the given age of women per 1 000 women of the same age.

Total abortion rate: the average number of abortions per 1 woman aged 15-49 years provided that abortion rates in the given calendar year remain unchanged.

Pregnancies by age: the number of all pregnancies - i.e. the sum of live births and stillbirths and all abortions (induced and spontaneous) in the given age per 1 000 women of the same age.

Total pregnancy rate: the average number of pregnancies per 1 woman aged 15-49 years, provided that fertility and abortion rates by age in the given calendar year remain unchanged.

Age groups contribution to life expectancy at birth differences between women and men are calculated with help of life tables for selected period (in this case period for five years, 1991-1995 and 2001-2005). There were used averages for five years for dead people and people alive in the life tables. The main indicators are life expectancy (ex) and the number of survivors.


The sum of age groups contribution makes the difference between life expectancies at birth in selected periods.

Age groups contribution to life expectancy are calculated as for women as for men.



Foreigners in the CR

A foreigner in the Czech Republic is a person who does not have the Czech citizenship. Foreigners with residence permits are divided into: foreigners with permanent residence, third-country citizens (non-EU) with long-term residence, EU citizens and their dependants with temporary residence and also foreigners, who were granted an asylum in the Czech Republic. Data contained in the table result from the materials of the Directorate of Alien and Border Police (foreigners with permanent, temporary and long-term residence), and of the Migration Policies Department of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic (foreigners who were granted an asylum in the Czech Republic).

Information on households and families resulted from the sample surveys: LFSS and SILC 2005.


Definition of basic indicators:

Household: relatives living together.

Complete family household: a married couple (or a common-law husband and a common-law wife) with children or without them.

Incomplete family household: a single parent with at least one child.

Multi-person non-family household: two or more persons that are relatives or not, who are on common budget.

Single-person household: a single person.

Head of household: in a complete family always the husband (common-law husband) regardless who is the user of the dwelling; in incomplete families of two generations always a parent; in three-generation families a member of the middle generation; in multi-person non-family households a person, who was marked as a head of household on common budget.

Dependent children: persons aged 0-25 years, who are economically inactive and live at least with one of the parents.

Economically active: employed persons or unemployed.

Money income is published both gross and net. The difference between gross and net money income are payments to cover health and social insurance and income tax. Excluded from gross and net money income are loans and withdrawn savings.

Highest educational attainment

  • Basic includes basic education including incomplete;
  • Secondary vocational & technical without GCSE includes subjects without GCSE and secondary vocational & technical education without GCSE;
  • Full secondary with GCSE includes besides full secondary general education with GCSE and full secondary technical education with GCSE also subjects with GCSE, extension study (after GCSE) and higher professional schools;
  • University includes all programmes of university education including bachelor’s and doctoral.

Definition of indicators according to the EU methodology (table 1-29):

Persons at-risk-of-income-poverty are according to the valid EU methodology from those households, in which net money income per equivalency unit is lower than 60% of the value of the median calculated from incomes for the sum of households. Income defined like that is the most often used limit for measuring of income poverty.

Number of equivalency units (EU) for each household was obtained by weighting of individual household members by coefficients, which show the weight of individual members depending on the age and number of members of a household (the first adult person in household has the weight of 1.0, children up to 13 the weight of 0.3 and other persons aged 14+ the weight of 0.5). Income per equivalency unit was calculated in each household as a share of net money income of a household and the number of its equivalency units. This income was allocated to all persons of the relevant household (all persons have the same income).

Educational level of household is determined by the highest educational level attained by the head of household; in two-parent families also education of the second partner is taken into account.

  • Low level – person in the head has basic education or is without education; in two-parent families both the partners have the relevant education;
  • Medium level – person in the head or at least one of the partners has secondary education;
  • High level – person in the head or at least one of the partners has university education.


Poverty indicators published were selected from the set of indicators used according to the methodology taken from the EU for evaluation of the level of poverty in the Czech Republic.

S80/S20 quintile share ratio (coefficient of income imbalance) – the ratio of the volume of income of 20% persons with the highest income and 20% persons with the lowest income per equivalency unit. The higher the value of the coefficient the bigger differentiation of income.

Relative at-risk-of-poverty gap (indicator of relative fall of income) – the difference between the median of income of persons under the limit of poverty and the given limit of poverty, expressed as % of this limit. The higher the coefficient the deeper fall of persons under the limit of poverty.

Gini coefficient – it is calculated from the total sample of persons listed in ascending order by the amount of income per equivalency unit. It expresses the relationship between the cumulative share of persons and cumulative share of their income. The higher value the higher imbalance in income.