Demografie, revue pro výzkum populačního vývoje - č. 3/2024

Demografie, 66(3): 181–196
https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0347

Abstract
The aim of the article was to analyse the census households of persons of Roma nationality in Slovakia according to the results of the Population and Household Census 2021. Moreover, we also tried to point out some factors that could influence possible differences between the structure of the census households of the Roma and non-Roma population.

Our results show that people of Roma nationality more often live in complete family households with dependent children and form their family at a younger age. Cohabiting couples also make up a significant portion of households. In the context of high non-marital fertility, single parent households are probably also a very important social group. Conversely, households of individuals are less common compared in the Roma than in the non-Roma population. A specific feature of Roma households is also the more frequent presence of men and women living in multi-person non-family households.

Keywords
Roma population, census households, complete family, cohabitation, single parent household, multi-person non-family household, Slovakia

Demografie, 66(3): 202–210
https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0344

Abstract
Czechia has experienced a mortality decline in recent decades. To assess the position of Czechia in an international context and estimate possible future development, we defined a model population representing European mortality potential. This paper aims to briefly describe the principle of the model’s construction and its practical application to the population projection published by the Czech Statistical Office in 2023. We defined the European mortality potential for each calendar year as Europe's lowest achievable age-specific mortality rates. To apply this approach to the CZSO’s population projection, we constructed the European mortality potential for the years 1980–2019. We compared the age-specific mortality rates in Czechia in the same period to the potential in the form of excess mortality indexes. We were able to use these indexes to evaluate mortality development in Czechia and to construct the mortality component of the projection. Czechia lags behind the European mortality potential mainly at the ages 40–60 for men and 60–80 for women.

Keywords
european mortality potential, Czechia, excess mortality, mortality forecast

Demografie, 66(3): 211–223
https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0346

Abstract
The paper examines the intensity and structure of the use of health services and outlines the current functioning thereof in the context of diabetes care in Czechia. The aim is to assess the various healthcare aspects influenced by the settings of the Czech system. The patients studied had all been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and used health services in Czechia in 2019. The selected segments of the health system that concern the management of diabetes care comprise outpatient diabetology, general practice and internal medicine. A total of 466,679 patients were included. The variables of age, sex and size category of the municipality of residence of the patient were monitored in the follow-up of the use of outpatient diabetes care. Most diabetes patients used outpatient diabetologist services, whereas less than one-third of patients visited a general practitioner. Furthermore, a large proportion of patients was less likely to be referred to a medical examination than is recommended. Conversely, the overuse of healthcare was evident for those patients that required a higher level of specialization, particularly physicians with the same competencies. We assume that changes in the coordination and provision of diabetes care and an improvement in surveillance would enhance the efficiency of diabetes care and improve the response to the increase in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in the future.

Keywords
general practice, health services, internal medicine, outpatient diabetology, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Demografie, 66(3): 224–244
https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0350

Abstract
The article describes demographic development in Czechia during 2023 and sets it in the context of the previous five years. It focuses on both population stock and the main demographic processes, namely fertility, mortality, nuptiality, the divorce rate, and migration. In 2023, the population in Czechia grew but only thanks to international migration. The number of live births decreased significantly for the second year in a row and remained lower than the number of deaths. The fertility and nuptiality rates also declined. Conversely, life expectancy at birth has increased for both men and women and is the highest it has ever been.

Keywords
demographic development, population, age, live births, deaths, nuptiality, divorce, fertility, mortality, migration, Czechia