Demografie, revue pro výzkum populačního vývoje - č. 4/2021

Demografie, 63(4): 199–215
https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0285

Abstract

The 2011 Population and Housing Census in the Czech Republic was accompanied by a significant change in the technology used to prepare course of the fieldwork, along with changes in how the data are processed and how the outputs are disseminated. Grids are regular polygon networks that divide the territory of country in a grid-like way/pattern into equally large territorial units, to which aggregate statistical data are assigned. The disadvantage of grids is that these are territorially small units that are often minimally populated. This mainly has implications for the protection of individual data, which is associated with statistical disclosure control (SDC).

The research question addressed in this paper is whether data protection (perturbation methods) leads to a change in the characteristics of the file either in terms of statistics of the whole file (i.e. for all grids) or in terms of spatial statistics, which indicate the spatial distribution of the analysed phenomenon. Two possible solutions to the issue of grid data protection are discussed. One comes from the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) and the other from Cantabular, which is a product of the Sensible Code Company (SCC) based in Belfast.

According to the Cantabular methodology, one variant was processed, while according to the Eurostat methodology, two variants were calculated, which differ by the parameter settings for maximum noise D and the variance of noise V. The results of the descriptive statistics show a difference in absolute differences when Cantabular and Europstat solutions are compared. In the case of other statistics, the results are fully comparable. This paper is devoted to one specific type of census output. The question is to what extent these results are relevant for other types of census outputs. They differ fundamentally in the number of dimensions (grids have only two dimensions). It would therefore be appropriate to use SDC procedures that allow greater flexibility in defining SDC parameters.

Keywords

population and housing census, statistical disclosure control (SDC), grids

Demografie, 63(4): 216–225
https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0287

Abstract

Using a microsimulation model, this study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical policy that would increase diagnosis and treatment availability for people at an early stage of Alzheimer’s disease in the Czech Republic. If widely available, timely diagnosis and treatment would represent a dominant strategy bringing net benefit of EUR 13,751 per lifetime of each person living with this disease.

Keywords

Alzheimer’s disease, cost-effectiveness, timely diagnosis, Czech Republic, dementia

Demografie, 63(4): 228–245
https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0286

Abstract

Using the decomposition method, this article examines the dynamics of life expectancy. Three developed countries with relevant differences, Czechia, France, and the United States, were chosen for analysis in order to highlight similarities and differences. The analysis covers more than 40 years, 12 age groups, and 20 mortality chapters. The results reveal a pattern: first, mortality at birth improves; then the survival of lives under 65 increases; finally, improvements come from extending the life of seniors.

Keywords

life expectancy, decomposition method, mortality chapters, France, Czechia, United States

Demografie, 63(4): 246–261
https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0295

Abstract

The population development of Czechia in 2020 was significantly affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. Epidemiological measures or the pandemic itself were reflected in almost all monitored demographic processes, and in many cases long-term trends were interrupted. In addition, existing minimums or maximums were rewritten within the period of the last ten years. The article focuses on the main demographic processes, namely births, deaths, marriages, divorces and migration. The beginning of the examined period is the year 2011, in which the census took place, and then the following years, especially the period 2015–2020.

Keywords

demographic development, population, age structure, nuptiality, divorce, fertility, mortality, migration, Czechia