Demografie, revue pro výzkum populačního vývoje - č. 3/2022

Demografie, 64(3): 201–216
https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0304

Abstract

The growth in life expectancy has accelerated since the 1990s in Czechia, which preceded a long period of stagnation or even a decrease during the communist era from the 1960s. This article aims to evaluate differences in mortality in terms of the impact of various effects on life expectancy and life disparity before and after the Velvet Revolution in Czechia. Three indicators were considered – life expectancy at birth, temporary life expectancy between ages 0 and 65, and the life disparity measure e-dagger (e†). In the article, we followed the decomposition method according to Arriaga (1984). Based on this method, the effect of mortality was further decomposed into an exclusive effect reflecting improved or worsened mortality in the given age group and into an interaction effect reflecting changes in mortality as a whole. Based on the results, it was found that the indirect effect prevailed in the case of life expectancy, while the direct effect dominated in the life disparity measure. Furthermore, we focused on the differences in life expectancy at birth between the sexes and between the two countries forming parts of the former Czechoslovakia – Czechia and Slovakia. For this purpose, we followed the contour decomposition method, so that we distinguished the effect of changes in mortality corresponding to the initial period and the effect of changes corresponding to changes in mortality in terms of time.

Keywords

mortality, life expectancy, life disparity, decomposition method, contour decomposition, Czechia, Slovakia

Demografie, 64(3): 217–234
https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0306

Abstract

Projections of the economic activity of persons aged 60 and over fall into the category of derived projections that are based on the general population projection. The introductory part of this article outlines the trend in economic activity among the elderly in the Czech Republic since the 1990s. This period was characterised by a steady increase in economic activity among older people. The projection in this article highlights a combination of two fundamental factors that will lead to a significant increase in the number of people who are economically active aged 60 and over. First, the effect of population ageing in the Czech Republic will become apparent after 2030, when the large birth cohorts from the 1970s will reach the age of 60 and over. The intensification of the increase in the rate of economic activity among people aged 60 and over that will result from the age of retirement being raised will be the second reason for the expected increase in the number of economically active among people aged 60 and over. Three projection variants are presented, each of which suggests a different intensity of growth in economic activity among people 60+ depending on the specific input parameters. The middle variant is based on the assumption that the intensity of the increase in economic activity will grow only as a result of the retirement age being raised. The high variant expects the intensity of economic activity to grown even after people reach the age of 65. Conversely, the low variant expects a lower rate of growth in economic activity among people just before they reach retirement age.

Keywords

economic activity, projection, retirement age

Demografie, 64(3): 242–258
https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0300

Abstract

The Population Census in Slovakia has a rich history. A total of 16 modern censuses have been carried out in the country, a figure that includes the last one in 2021. In addition to these well-known and long-term planned statistical events, however, some lesser-known and less analysed events in the scientific community have also been implemented in Slovakia. One of the most important ones was the post-war census from 1919.

The aim of this article is to present the most important information about the reasons this census was conducted in Slovakia in 1919, the course and form of its implementation, and how data and how much data were disseminated. In the last part of the article, we will try to present some basic results from the Population Census in 1919 that were published.

Keywords

population census, post-war census, 1919, Slovakia

Demografie, 64(3): 259–283
https://doi.org/10.54694/dem.0307

Abstract

The article analyses the demographic development of Czechia in 2021 and sets it in the context of demographic trends in the past decade and especially in the period 2016–2021. The study focuses on the main demographic processes, namely fertility, mortality, nuptiality, divorce rate, and migration. Population data in 2021 were adjusted to the 2021 Population Census. Demographic development was significantly influenced by the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic, the impact of which was most visible in the continued increase in mortality rates. The total fertility rate was the highest it has been in the last 30 years. The population of Czechia grew as a result of the positive balance of net migration, which was the highest in the last decade.

Keywords

demographic development, population, age structure, nuptiality, divorce, fertility, mortality, migration, Czechia