Transformation Processes in the CR Energy Sector
Comments and methodical explanatory notes (indicators contents) | Contents |
Primary energy sources, in 2006, reached 1 870 PJ which represents slight increase, in comparison with 2005, by 1.2 %. Considering that economic growth continued also in 2006 (GDP in 2006 in comparison with 2005 increased by roughly 6.4%), the indicator of energy intensity (demandingness), i.e. ratio of primary energy sources and GDP, reached again its lower value than in previous year: 0.667 GJ/thous. CZK (in constant prices of 2000). In 2005, this indicator equalled to 0.701 GJ/thous. CZK (in constant prices of 2000).
As for the primary energy sources structure it has not gone through significant changes – their steadily almost half consists of solid fuels (48.7%), the share of primary heat has been stabilized on c. 15%. The difference between imports and exports in electricity foreign trade remained on the same level as in 2005 – export was approximately two times greater than import in 2006.
Energy sources, extracted in the Czech Republic and imported into the Czech Republic are, for the most part, upgraded (c. 85 % in 2006) in order to improve or change their utility value for their utilization in the final consumption. In addition to electric and heat energy production there are concerned further methods for fuels upgrading, especially crude oil processing and hard coal coking. In 2006, crude oil products participated in total upgraded/improved fuels production (without electricity and heat production) with 64.7 % and coking products with 24.5 %.
Production in transformation energy processes in 2006 in comparison with 2005 increased by c. 1.5 % (by 14 872 TJ). There increased production in all transformation processes with the exception of heat production. In absolute values, this growth is the most important in crude oil processing (9 308 TJ), electricity production (5 699 TJ) and blast furnace gas (3 187 TJ). Heat production dropped by 7 350 TJ.
Fuels and energy input in 2006 was higher than in 2005 by 1.1 %. Input for heat and electricity generation was, in 2006, as for heat decreased by 4.3% and as for electricity increased by 1.9%. Input for fuels upgrading increased by 2.5 %.
Average efficiency of transformation processes in 2006 moderately increased in comparison with 2005 by 0.2 %. Efficiency in gasification under pressure of coal process increased the most of all (by 2%) – changes in reporting methodology is the main reason of this. Efficiency in sub-bituminous briquetting in comparison with last year decreased by 1.8%.
Energy processes for fuels upgrading - these are productive activities, whose results is enhancement, let us say change of utility value of energy matters (fuels), that pass through them. Under energy processes in an energy balance there are considered only those processes in which on the one hand a fuel charge/input and on the other hand production/output from processes ( utilizable products ) and losses on the charge/input are qualified by means of a balance form.
In these processes there occur, as a rule, substantial chemical and physical changes in charged fuels and energy. The report/questionnaire EP 8-01 ascertains data concerning energy balance indicators of the following energy processes:
- brown coal briquetting
- high-temperature carbonization in coking plants
- gasification under pressure of coal
- liquid fuels production from crude oil
- gas works gas/generator gas production in industrial coal gasification plants (gasification in industrial generating stations)
Primary energy sources - fuels energy sources gained directly, which did not pass through upgrading processes, i.e. natural resources (indigenous production of fuel, electricity from hydroelectric power plants, primary heat - heat from nuclear fuel), fuels and energy imports decreased by their exports, stock level change and other sources.
Charge/Input - represents fuels (energy) that directly enter into energy process where they are processed in order to improve their utility value (e.g. lignite for patent fuels production, crude oil for liquid fuels production, and so on.).
Production (utilizable products) - all energy and non-energy products, which originate in an energy process.
Working consumption - it is a total fuel and energy consumption expended on an energy process operation, i.e. on obtaining utilizable products of the energy process.
Total losses
in the energy process are defined as a difference between charge including working consumption and production.
Suppliers stock/supplies - fuels stock level designed for sale (at mining, production and business enterprises).
Consumers stock/supplies - fuels stock level designed for enterprises ( companies) production and operation. Stock draw is the difference between opening (on the 1st of January of the observed year) and closing stock level (on the 31st of December of the observed year).
Energy process efficiency - quotient of production and sum of the charge/input and working consumption of the relevant energy process.