Focus on Women and Men

Total fertility rate: the average number of live-born children per 1 female aged 15-49 years, provided that fertility rates by age in the given calendar year remain unchanged.

Gross reproduction rate: the average number of live-born girls per female aged 15-49 years, provided that fertility rates by age in the given calendar year remain unchanged.

Net reproduction rate: the average number of live-born girls per female aged 15-49 years, who would reach the age of their mothers at time of delivery at unchanging fertility and mortality rates. In order to maintain a stationary population into the future, the net reproduction rate must be kept at one (1).
Abortion rate by age: the number of abortions (all types) in the given age per 1 000 females of the same age.

Total abortion rate: the average number of abortions per 1 female aged 15-49 years provided that abortion rates in the given calendar year remain unchanged.

Pregnancies by age: the number of all pregnancies - i.e. the sum of live births and stillbirths and all abortions (induced and spontaneous) in the given age per 1 000 females of the same age.

Total pregnancy rate: the average number of pregnancies per 1 female aged 15-49 years, provided that fertility and abortion rates by age in the given calendar year remain unchanged.

Foreigners in the CR

A foreigner in the Czech Republic is a person who does not have the Czech citizenship. The table contains foreigners with permanent residence, third-country citizens (non-EU) with long-term residence, EU citizens and their dependants with temporary residence and also foreigners, who were granted an asylum in the Czech Republic. Data contained in the table result from the materials of the Alien and Border Police, which keeps the register of foreigners in the CR.

Information on households and families resulted from the sample survey “Microcensus 2002”, which was carried out in March 2003. The goal of the survey was to obtain representative data on the level and structure of income and basic social demographic characteristics of households and their members necessary for an analysis of income indicators.

A sample unit was a dwelling household; a reporting unit was a household. Definition of a household is based on a statement of persons living together that they live together permanently and have common budget, i.e. they cover the expenditures of the household together. A household usually consists of a family, but it can consist also of more families; an individual household can also consist of an individual.



Selection of flats for the survey was made as a random two-step sampling; the Register of census districts updated on the basis of the 2001 Population and Housing Census was the sample frame. Selection of flats was made fore each region separately; the scope was 0.25% (in Prague 0.5%) of the total number of permanently occupied flats. After grossing up and elimination of underestimation at some income indicators, the data surveyed were grossed up to the whole population of the Czech Republic.

Demographic and social indicators were surveyed as at the end of 2002. Economic activity, which is directly related to income, was determined according to prevailing situation; in the case of equality, the situation as at the end of 2002 was taken into account. Data on money income were surveyed for the entire year or the period for which a person was a member of a household.

Definition of basic indicators:

For inclusion of a household to a social group it was important, to which social group the head of the household belongs; social group to which other members belong was not taken into account, only at households of pensioners economic activity of other members was considered. Head of household in a two-parent family is always male (husband, common-law husband); for other types of households (lone-parent families, non-family households) the first point of view for determination of the head of household is his/her economic activity, the second is the amount of money income of individual adult persons. Similarly, these rules apply to determine the person in the head of household in households consisting of more families.

- Households of employees – person in the head was in an employment relationship. They are divided to workers in manual professions and other employees, who ensure management, conceptual and scientific activity at all levels as well as ensuring operating and technical, operational and service activity.
- Households of self-employed – head of household dealt with business or had an independent profession in any branch including agriculture, forestry and fishery.
- Households of pensioners without economically active members – a non-working pensioner was in the head of household and also other persons in the household were economically inactive.
- Households of unemployed – a person in head of household was marked as unemployed if he or she was registered with a labour office or was actively seeking a job and was prepared to start to work within 14 days as the latest (while in two-parent families a wife or a child could be economically active).
Economically active persons – persons, for whom in 2002 working activity was prevailing, i.e. persons, who are in an ordinary employment, they are members of producer cooperatives, self-employed, working pensioners. Also a period of illness and regular maternity leave (period of receiving maternity benefit) is included in the period of working activity. Also students, who were continually working or doing their business and stated employment, branch and workloads as the employed were included in economically active persons.

Unprovided-for children are children of pre-school and school age and also older children (up to 26 years), who continually prepare for their future profession. Also children, who cannot prepare for their future profession and are unable to ensure their living by continual work due to their bad psychic or physical condition.

Two-parent families are households the basis of which is a married couple (cohabiting couple) either with or without children. Two-parent nuclear family consists only of a married couple with whom no other relatives or economically active children live.

Lone-parent families consist of a lone-parent with one or more unprovided-for children or with other member (grand-parent, provided-for children). A lone-parent nuclear family consists only of a lone-parent with unprovided for child (children). When classifying persons in the head of the household by cause of incompleteness of a family, persons living separately were included in divorced persons.

Non-family households consist of persons living together and having no partner relationship or parental relationship (e.g. brother and sister).

Money income is published both gross and net. The difference between gross and net money income are payments to cover health and social insurance and income tax. Excluded from gross and net money income are loans and withdrawn savings.



Subsistence level is the sum stipulated by law as a minimum under the level of which poverty occurs. Subsistence level of a household consists of amount to ensure nourishment and other personal needs of individual persons and amount for a household as a whole, the amount of which depends on the number of the household members. When processing data, the relevant subsistence level was calculated for each household of the sample separately according to the amounts valid in 2002. Children were classified to age categories by completed age; when determining the number of household members, the number of months of their presence in the household was taken into account.

Characteristics of households provide structure of households by specified features (number of household members, household type, age and educational attainment of head of household and wife, etc.) and add or explain data on income. Relative data in % were calculated from numbers and rounded to 1 decimal position and thus their sum is not always equal to 100.

Highest educational attainment

- Basic includes basic education including incomplete;
- Secondary vocational & technical without GCSE includes subjects without GCSE and secondary vocational & technical education without GCSE;
- Full secondary with GCSE includes besides full secondary general education with GCSE and full secondary technical education with GCSE also subjects with GCSE, extension study (after GCSE) and higher professional schools;
- University includes all programmes of university education including bachelor’s and doctoral.

Definition of indicators according to the EU methodology (table 1-25):

Persons at-risk-of-income-poverty are according to the valid EU methodology from those households, in which net money income per equivalency unit is lower than 60% of the value of the median calculated from incomes for the sum of households. Income defined like that is the most often used limit for measuring of income poverty.

Number of equivalency units (EU) for each household was obtained by weighting of individual household members by coefficients, which show the weight of individual members depending on the age and number of members of a household (the first adult person in household has the weight of 1.0, children up to 13 the weight of 0.3 and other persons aged 14+ the weight of 0.5). Income per equivalency unit was calculated in each household as a share of net money income of a household and the number of its equivalency units. This income was allocated to all persons of the relevant household (all persons have the same income).

Educational level of household is determined by the highest educational level attained by the head of household; in two-parent families also education of the second partner is taken into account.

- Low level – person in the head has basic education or is without education; in two-parent families both the partners have the relevant education;
- Medium level – person in the head or at least one of the partners has secondary education;
- High level – person in the head or at least one of the partners has university education.

The category of dependent child differs in the Czech Republic from the often-used category of unprovided-for child. It includes all children up to 16 and also unprovided-for children up to 24 years old. Unprovided-for children aged 25+ were not considered dependent and when the type of household was constructed they were worked with as if they were economically active, unemployed, receiving pension, etc.

Poverty indicators published were selected from the set of indicators used according to the methodology taken from the EU for evaluation of the level of poverty in the Czech Republic.

S80/S20 quintile share ratio (coefficient of income imbalance) – the ratio of the volume of income of 20% persons with the highest income and 20% persons with the lowest income per equivalency unit. The higher the value of the coefficient the bigger differentiation of income.



Relative at-risk-of-poverty gap (indicator of relative fall of income) – the difference between the median of income of persons under the limit of poverty and the given limit of poverty, expressed as % of this limit. The higher the coefficient the deeper fall of persons under the limit of poverty.

Gini coefficient – it is calculated from the total sample of persons listed in ascending order by the amount of income per equivalency unit. It expresses the relationship between the cumulative share of persons and cumulative share of their income. The higher value the higher imbalance in income.