Explanatory notes on methodology
The Population and Housing Census was taken all over the Czech Republic on 1 March 2001 in compliance with Act No. 158/1999 Coll. on Population and Housing Census 2001. The data refer to the midnight from 28 February to 1 March 2001 (the fixed moment of the census). The Census was organised, controlled and coordinated by the Czech Statistical Office, which ensured the preparation and conduct of the Census in cooperation with the Ministry for Regional Development of the CR, Ministry of Defence of the CR, Ministry of Justice of the CR, Ministry of the Interior of the CR, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the CR, the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre, district authorities and municipalities. In individual census districts, the census was ensured by census enumerators and census supervisors. One census district was a territory of a basic residential unit or its part in which data collection was ensured by one enumerator. The following formed independent census districts: facilities of collectively accommodated members of the Armed Forces, members of the Police of the Czech Republic, facilities of the Prison Service of the Czech Republic, refugee camps and diplomatic corps abroad. Counted were: each person with permanent or long-term residence on the territory of the Czech Republic at the decisive moment of the Census, each person being on the territory of the Czech Republic at the decisive moment (not having permanent or long-term residence in the CR), each house, either occupied or not, each dwelling, either occupied or not. A house is a structure designed for housing by the building authority and, further, a structure with at least one dwelling. A dwelling is a set of rooms, or a single room, which according to the building authority meets the demands of permanent housing through its amenities and construction and technical layout. The Census excluded foreign residents enjoying diplomatic immunities and privileges, as well as houses and dwellings serving diplomatic purposes and owned by foreign states. The contents of the Census (data collected) was determined by Act No. 158/1999 Coll. Every person was obliged to fill in the data about himself or herself in the scope and the way determined by the Act. We used the traditional method of self-enumerating, i.e. inhabitants filled in the census forms on their own.For a minor child data were provided by his or her legal representative, for a person devoid of his or her competence to perform legal actions they were provided by his or her curator. For a person, who had a permanent residence in a census district but was temporarily absent the data were provided by another person from the dwelling. Data on a house were provided by the owner of the house; if the house was run by a building manager, the building manager provided the data. Data on a dwelling were provided by its occupant. In the case of an unoccupied dwelling data on the dwelling were provided by the owner of the house or a dwelling; where the administration of a dwelling was performed by a caretaker, the data were provided by the caretaker. For the Population and Housing Census 2001 the questionnaires used were Census Questionnaire-Persons, Census Questionnaire-Buildings, and Census Questionnaire-Housing Units. Samples of the census questionnaires were determined by the "Edict of the Czech Statistical Office, by which samples of census questionnaires for the Population and Housing Census 2001 and sample of an identity card of a census enumerator and a census supervisor are determined" (Collection of Laws, item 95, 13 October 2000). All data were processed by the territorial and administrative breakdown of the country valid in the Czech Republic as at 1 March 2001. The Population and Housing Census 2001 in the Czech Republic respected as for the contents, methodology and data processing the resolution 1995/7 adopted by the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations on 19 July 1995 for the programme of world censuses and the Recommendations for the 2000 Censuses of Population and Housing in the ECE Region,which was compiled by the Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) in co-operation with the Economic Commission for Europe. Population Population, total are persons with permanent or long-term residence on the territory of the Czech Republic at the decisive moment of the Census, regardless whether they were or not in their place of residence at the decisive moment of the Census. Persons with long-term residence are only foreigners temporarily staying on the territory of the Czech Republic for more than 90 days. Persons with permanent residence are persons who had as at the date of the Census a permanent residence on the territory of the Czech Republic regardless their citizenship. Persons in establishments are persons who were enumerated as permanently or for a long-term living in all types of accommodation establishments and therapeutical institutions with beds serving for individual and collective accommodation of a bigger amount of persons (hostels for single people, old people's homes, old people's boarding houses, homes for children, social care institutions, dormitories, halls of residence, hostels, boarding houses, therapeutical institutions, sanatoriums, institutions for infants, balneological institutions, etc.). Persons outside of dwellings and establishments are persons who were enumerated as permanently or for a long-term living in emergency dwellings, mobile objects, recreational cottages (i.e. in objects that are not a part of dwelling stock) or were enumerated in dwelling houses but outside dwellings (emergency living in a non-residential area). This category includes also persons having in concert with Act No. 133/2000 Coll. on registration of inhabitants the place of permanent residence in the seat of a registration office or in the seat of a special registry office. Citizenship was filled in also by persons without citizenship by an entry of this fact, persons with dual citizenship filled in both. In processing of results these data are usually mentioned separately. Nationality was filled by everybody upon his or her decision, including mentioning two nationalities or none. A similar approach - mentioning of data according to own decision - was applied also at denomination. Mother tongue was defined as a language used by the mother when speaking with the person enumerated in his or her childhood or by persons who brought up the enumerated person. Marital status is de jure status, i.e. legal marital status of each individual. Situation de facto - relationship of common-law husband/wife (partners in a consensual union) was mentioned only at the census questionnaire-housing units in the question investigating the relationship of a person with the dwelling user. Mother's permanent residence at the time of birth of a person enumerated was the first place of permanent residence of a person enumerated. Completed education was filled in only by persons aged over 15 according to the highest level of completed education. The following were mentioned as an independent level of education: post secondary, graduation from two or more secondary schools (schools concluded with final examination or General Certificate of Secondary Education) and first stage of tertiary education (graduates from higher professional schools or other schools in which the study is completed by a final examination). Tertiary education was surveyed in the following breakdown: university- bachelor's degree (only graduates from a bachelor's study programme), university (former graduates from universities and current graduates from master's study programme) and second stage of university education (doctoral study programme and former scientific preparation). Field of study was fulfilled only by persons aged 15 and over with higher than elementary education, according to the subject of the highest level of completed school. Among economically active persons are included all persons who stated in the census questionnaire-persons that they belong to employees, employers, self-employed, working pensioners, working students and apprentices, women on maternity leave 28 or 37 weeks, temporary members of the armed forces, alternative military service or community service, in custody and imprisoned or unemployed. For inclusion of persons in the category of employed, employers or self-employed, decisive was the situation at the decisive moment of the census - their formal relation to employment regardless the length of their work load, character of working activity (permanent, temporary) or kind of employment, agreement or contract. Unemployed are all persons aged over 15 who were in the decisive moment without work, were actively seeking for work and were prepared to start work. Economically not active persons are not working pensioners, not working persons-others with own means of support, not working pupils, students and apprentices, homemakers, pre-school children and other dependent persons. Occupation was filled in as a description of a concrete activity performed by a person in his or her main occupation. Women on maternity leave, persons in custody or imprisoned, and unemployed mentioned their last occupation performed. Unemployed school graduates were enumerated as looking for their first job. All economically active persons filled in their position in employment and branch of economic activity according to occupation performed (or their last occupation - as for unemployed). Employers are economically active persons who employ (or employed) one or more persons. Self employed are persons with a trade licence, who work on their own account and do not employ within their business any other persons - employees. Employees have paid employee's positions. Questions elated to duration of daily journey to work and school (place of work, school, frequency of journey to work and school, daily journey to work and school, means of transport) were filled in only by working persons and pupils, students and apprentices who filled in data on daily journey to school also in the case that they were working students and apprentices. Persons commuting to work and schools are persons, who filled in that they are employed, or employers, self-employed, working pensioners, women on maternity leave taking 28 or 37 weeks, pupils of basic schools, students or apprentices and at the same time the place of their work or school were in another house than that of their permanent residence. Commuting daily outside municipality were persons with a different municipality of work or school than that of their permanent residence and they answered the question about the frequency of their journey to work and school as daily. Households Data on households were processed according to entries in the census questionnaire-housing units in which there were mentioned kinship or other relationships among persons in a dwelling as well as information on common housekeeping. Dwelling household is formed of persons living together in one dwelling. Housekeeping household is formed of persons living together who mentioned at the census questionnaire-housing units that they have common housekeeping, i.e. main costs of the household (food, living costs, operational costs and others) are paid for jointly. Common housekeeping was filled in also by children belonging to the relevant household, although they did not contribute to the costs of the household. Subtenants and their families always form a separate housekeeping household. A housekeeping household can be formed of one or more census households. Census household consists of persons living together in one dwelling on the basis of their kinship or other relationships within one housekeeping household. It is a basic unit that is not further divided. There are four basic types of census households: 1. family household - complete family (married couple or partners living in a consensual union – so-called marriage de facto - without children or with children); 2. family household - incomplete family (one of parents with at least one child); 3. multi-member non-family household (two or more persons that are related or not, with common housekeeping, who do not form a family household); 4. household of an individual. Other individuals can be also a part of family households if they have a common housekeeping together with the relevant census family household, they do not form an independent family and/or they are not subtenants. In the results of the census, family households are sorted (besides others) also according to the number of dependent children. Dependent child is each person that has a relation with the person in the head of the census household - a son, daughter, is economically not active and in the age of 0-25 years. Housekeeping and census households were elaborated for persons living in dwellings and outside dwellings (emergency accommodation), however, not for persons in establishments that did not fill in the census questionnaire-housing units. Houses The number of buildings includes all buildings determined for living (occupied and unoccupied), objects with dwellings (a dwelling) and accommodation establishments without dwelling if they serve for a long-term or permanent accommodation. They are: family houses, blocks of flats, hostels, student dormitories, children's homes, correctional and penal institutions, old people's homes, boarding houses for pensioners, establishments for the disabled and mentally handicapped persons, convents and monasteries (objects with accommodation premises for members of orders and congregations), operational buildings with a dwelling (dwellings), etc. By type of the building there are: 1. family house - may have up to three individual dwellings, up to two over-ground levels and one under-ground level and an attic. This category includes also recreation houses (not excluded from dwelling stock) used for recreation. A family house can be: - a detached family house - is not connected, by any peripheral wall or any part of it, on any side to any other building on a neighbouring plot; - a semi-detached family house - is a house, whose peripheral wall or a part of it is connected to a building on a neighbouring plot. - a terraced family house - at least three family houses are connected by a part of their peripheral wall. 2. block of flats - is composed of a large number of dwellings accessible from a common passage or staircase and it is not a family house. The number of storeys is not decisive. This category includes also villas which do not meet the conditions set out for family houses. 3. other buildings - include all other kinds of buildings excluding family houses and blocks of flats. Permanently occupied house is a house where at least one dwelling is occupied on a permanent basis or an establishment for collective accommodation is placed with at least one person residing there on a permanent basis. In a permanently occupied house at least one person must have a permanent (or long-term) residence. Unoccupied house is a house determined for dwelling in which no person with permanent or long-term residence was enumerated. Unoccupied house-occupied temporarilyis a house serving only for a temporary housing; no permanently living person was in the house at the decisive moment of the census. Total number of unoccupied houses includes all houses with dwellings and all houses with accommodation establishment without dwelling if they are determined for permanent or long-term occupancy and if no person was enumerated there with permanent or long-term residency. Unoccupied objects without dwellings or with facilities serving only for short-term accommodation (hotels, hostels for tourists, hospitals, etc.) are not included in the number of unoccupied houses. Owner of the house (natural person or legal entity). Owner - private natural person includes also cases of several co-owners of the house who are relatives. Owner - municipality, state includes also houses belonging to former People's Housing Associations, whose dwellings have not been transferred yet to the ownership of individual users. Owner - more owners includes houses where all or part of the dwellings were transferred to ownership of individual users; co-ownership originates upon transfer of dwellings into ownership; in the Real Estates Cadastre, owners of individual dwellings are registered. Dwellings Within the question about type of housing the character of dwelling of enumerated persons was found out. Emergency accommodation includes various shelters, emergency and temporary buildings, living in a pending building, emergency accommodation at a workplace, etc. Weekend house, cottage was mentioned when persons permanently occupied objects determined for recreation (including earmarked cottages and recreational little houses). Permanently occupied dwelling is a dwelling where at least one person is registered with the police as residing on a permanent or a long-term basis. Unoccupied dwelling is a dwelling where no person is registered with the police as residing on a permanent or a long-term basis. Unoccupied dwelling-occupied temporarily is a dwelling where no one is registered with the police as residing on a permanent basis, but it is used for temporary housing; in most cases this is a dwelling where a person (persons) was counted as temporarily present. Legal reason for the use of the dwelling - ownership of the dwelling - such a dwelling the owner of which is registered separately in the Real Estates Cadastre. Tenement dwelling is used on the basis of a contract on rent; it includes also cases of persons living as sub-tenants in a rented dwelling. Dwelling belonging to a member of the Housing Association (formed in the 60s) is a dwelling of a member of the former housing association - transfer of dwelling to his or her ownership has not taken place, yet. Dwelling belonging to a member of the Housing Association (newly formed during privatisation) is characterised by a rent relationship that is based on the membership or participation of an occupant of a dwelling in a legal entity, that was established by members or founders of the legal entity in question for privatisation of the house (in the Real Estates Cadastre, the adequate legal entity is registered as the owner of the house: co-operative, limited company, joint-stock company). Floor space of the dwelling is a floor space of rooms and part of the floor of a kitchen having the area of 12 m2 and more. In the case of a dwelling consisting of one room only - a habitable kitchen, the floor space of such a dwelling is the area of the entire room. The floor space of a dwelling and the number of habitable rooms do not include rooms of the dwelling earmarked for business or working purposes (for performing a job); those areas are a part of other parts of the dwelling. Total area of a dwelling is a sum of the area of habitable rooms, a kitchen and other parts of the dwelling. Permanently occupied dwellings are of four categories according to the way of heating and the scope of basic conveniences. - Dwellings of the 1st category are dwellings in which all habitable rooms are directly heated by central heating and that have complete basic conveniences. - Dwellings of the 2nd category are dwellings without central heating with basic conveniences or dwellings with central heating but with just partial basic conveniences. - Dwellings of the 3rd category are dwellings without central heating and with partial basic conveniences or dwellings with central heating and without basic conveniences. - Dwellings of the 4th category are dwellings without central heating and without basic conveniences. Central heating in relation to this is such heating whose source is located outside the dwelling or in an individual room outside the dwelling (including the cellar in a one-dwelling family house) or other electric or gas heating. A dwelling with common basic convenience is considered to be a dwelling without convenience. Equipment of a permanently occupied dwelling (dwelling household) - number of cars, a telephone, holiday house and personal computer- was surveyed regardless which member of the dwelling household is the owner. Also company cars or computers were mentioned if they can be used by members of a household for private purposes. On the contrary, company cars, telephones or computers used only as working aids for execution of a job were not considered to be equipment of a household. All calculations of average values of characteristics of a dwelling stock - e.g. average floor space of a dwelling, average number of habitable rooms per dwelling, etc. - were made only from the sets of dwellings for which the values were found out. COMPARABILITY OF THE RESULTS OF CENSUSES 2001 AND 1991 The Census 2001 included (in compliance with international recommendations) foreigners with long-term residence in the population total. In the 1991 Census foreigners with long-term residence permit were equalised with foreigners with short-term residence permit and were included in the Census only as persons temporarily present. Citizenship includes independent data on dual citizenship, in 1991 cases of dual citizenship were processed in the results according to the citizenship mentioned first, while the cases of dual citizenship of which one was Czech were included in Czech citizenship. Nationality includes for the first time in the history of censuses independent data also on the cases in which two nationalities were mentioned, in 1991 eventual entries of dual nationality were processed according to the first mentioned. Highest level of education attained is broken down in concert with ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education). Separately is mentioned post-secondary education (including graduation from two or more secondary schools completed by the General Certificate of Secondary Education or a final exam) and first stage of tertiary education (graduation from higher professional schools and performing art schools completed by a final examination). In 1991 so-called higher education included company institutes, special courses at universities, performing art schools completed by a final examination and higher pedagogical schools. At graduation from two schools of the same level data were processed according to the school the specialisation of which was closer to the job performed by the enumerated person. University education is: university- bachelor's degree, university and second stage of university education, in 1991 it was mentioned as one information - university education. Data on economic activity are not fully comparable. In 1991 census the number of economically active included also women on so-called additional child-care leave (up to the child's age of 3) and persons receiving parental contribution if their working contract was still valid; the Census 2001, however, included only women on maternity leave taking 28 or 37 weeks into working persons. The others (i.e. women on additional child-care leave and persons receiving parental contribution) are classified among the economically not active. Different from 1991 was surveying of data on employment, position in employment and branch of economic activity at temporary members of the armed forces, alternative military service or community service. At 1991 census they filled in the data according to their last job performed, in 2001 in concert with the ILO (International Labour Organisation) methodology they mentioned occupation "temporary member of the armed forces (alternative military service or community service)" and they were included in the branch of defence (or public administration or compulsory social security in the case of civil service). Unlike 1991, a question about the place of permanent residence 1 year prior to the census was included in the 2001 census (similar information was surveyed until 1950 - year of moving of the enumerated in a municipality and from where) as well as a question about second or more job holders (for the last time surveyed in 1970 as a by-occupation). In the question about occupancy of a dwelling in the 2001 census there is a new category "not occupied" - dwelling occupied temporarily. Unlike 1991, we included habitable rooms having the area of 4 - 7,9 m2. At 2001 census these rooms are a part of the area of habitable rooms, in 1991 the area of those rooms was included in other parts of the dwelling (i.e. together with the area of a foyer, convenience, etc.). Due to the same reason indicators of habitable area of a dwelling differ (due to the inclusion of habitable rooms having the area of 4 - 7,9 m2). In the characteristics of main type of heating there are not fully comparable data on central heating and heating with boiler, because due to the change of methodological determination of the concept of heating with boiler part of the dwellings with heating with boiler were shifted to the group of dwellings with central heating. According to the definition of heating with boiler in 1991, also dwellings (most of all in family houses), in which the heating source is located outside the dwelling (e.g. in the cellar, chamber, etc.) were also included in this group. According to the definition of 2001 all kinds of heating with the heating source located outside the dwelling (or inside the dwelling - in a special room designed for that) were included in central heating. This fact was reflected in data on dwellings by individual categories. At surveying equipment of household newly was introduced a question about personal computer and, unlike 1991, equipment with a freezer, washing machine and a TV set was not surveyed. Similar to the occupancy of a dwelling at the occupancy of a building the 2001 census also has a new category "not occupied" - house occupied temporarily (house, in which there is only temporarily occupied dwelling/dwellings and at the same time no permanently occupied dwelling or permanently or long-term living person). Type of the building - family house in 2001 census is: a detached family house, a semi-detached family house, a terraced family house (such a breakdown was surveyed for the last time in the 1970 census). | 