| 6. AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY | Back
AGRICULTURE This “industry” of agriculture embraces agricultural primary production enterprises engaged in crop and livestock production. All agricultural and non-agricultural land is obtained by summing up 1 January figures on areas designed for crops, as recorded in the real estate register kept by the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre. All data on land are measured as crop areas of both agricultural holdings and non-agricultural establishments or of private owners, no distinction being made as to the type of management and land size. Areas under crops are measured by censuses taken as at 31 May and include spring production areas (i.e. arable land areas, areas under crops in orchards and gardens, including kitchen gardens and private plots of households; and areas of meadows and pastures temporarily ploughed and used for sowing), which are to be harvested in the reference period. They include the areas under winter, spring and perennial crops. “Fallow land” includes all arable land not sown or planted, regardless of reason, and land temporarily excluded or not farmed. Harvest area is the area from which the crop measured was actually harvested. It may be smaller than area under crops if the crop is destroyed or ploughed in the period from sowing to harvest, or if the crop is not harvested. It may be larger than the area under crops if it is used to grow another crop (e.g. if a part of an area under grain maize was grain harvested). Harvest is the total quantity of a crop, which has a standard moisture content and standard purity; it includes inferior portions of the crop appropriate e.g. to feed livestock (such as grain waste, small discarded potatoes, etc.), but excludes seed crops and crop planting stock. Yield per hectare is the harvest to harvest area ratio. The harvest of individual fruits from fruit trees and bushes is measured by means of questionnaires on final harvests of agricultural crops as at the end of year. Figures on the total volume of production are derived by summing up data from the questionnaires returned from holdings and making expert estimates for holders of small land areas where fruit trees and bushes are grown (these small holders do not submit any harvest questionnaires). Livestock population is derived from livestock censuses as at 1 March. Cows are breeding dams calved at least once, both mated and non-mated. Sows are breeding dams farrowed at least once (excluding sows discarded from breeding), including those not farrowed. Poultry includes hens and cocks, geese and ganders, ducks and drakes, turkey hens and cocks (including young ones). Meat production in terms of carcass weight includes data from all abattoirs in the Czech Republic. Inevitable slaughters are counted in the carcass weight providing the meat is used for human consumption. The average carcass weight of pigs excludes sows and boars. FORESTRY Forestry comprises all incorporated enterprises, which employ 20 employees or more and have forestry as their principal activity (CZ-NACE), and businesses managing forest land 200 ha or more in area. Afforestation/reforestation refers to the area artificially afforested/reforested by planting and sowing (i.e. natural regeneration is excluded). Timber removal comprises (a) a felled tree volume of large and small timber measured in m3 u. b., which was accepted as final assortment or whole-stem logs and (b) so-called self-production felling. The volume is counted irrespective of what kind of thinning or felling it is derived from and includes salvage felling. Total cleaning includes total area under cleaning or young-growth stand clean cutting. Usually, those measures are the first silvicultural measures applied to forest stands. Streamside stand cleaning is included, too. Thinning refers to intentional silvicultural measures in premature stands, usually older than those classified to the first age groups, which are carried out in order to tend and improve the overall state of stands. These measures include, in particular, stand structure modifications, morphological tending of stands, and stand stabilization, and are to increase the increment without permanent decrease in stand density.
© Český statistický úřad, 2002